Why force for using right hand?

How many times have you been punished for using yours left hand in yours childhood or at school?

Certainly many times .what where those punishment like? Simple threaten or you had been beaten blue and black?

These are the information that I personally acquired when I interviewed some of my leftie friends, elders and teacher.

"I was educated in my remote village school. My left hand was beaten until it was swollen, so I started to use my right hand" said one of my friends.

"I had a teacher who would smack my left hand with a yardstick every time she caught me writing with my left hand”.

"My class teacher would force me to use my right hand to perform all of my school work. If she caught me using my left hand, I was hit in the head with a book as big as dictionary. It turned out that she believed left handers were connected with devil (rakches)."

"Was given pen with left hander nib as matter of course" (hooray!)

"Not much awareness or understanding in 70's and 80's (still!), was tested by "specialist" to determine the extent of my "disability"

My one of the teacher in college sheared a story about his left handed friend. It was the sad story of the Baglung district of the year 2047. Teacher and his friend used to study on grade 8.

“It was the beginning of ours new session on the school. I had heard that we had the new mathematics teacher in our school .He  was from dargiling.At the time math’s teacher had a different respect than others, a fearful respect. Every one used to get afraid of the math’s teacher like those of DI (discipline in charge) of present days. I and my friend were on the first bench of the class as always .My friend was a left hander. Also had the most beautiful writing in our class. When that teacher , whose  name was probably Kashab kumar Jha entered to our class, gave a strange look to every student . Amazingly he called a boy in front of the class .He was my same left hander friend and told to write tables of 18.He started to write and when teacher noticed him he shouted at him “  Gu dhune haat la lakhna sharam lagdaina”.(don’t you feel shame to use  shit washing hand for writing).From that day onwards he started to beat my little friend with the very thin stick on the left hand when he saw him writing with left hand. He did this for more than 6 months until my friend completely stopped using his “gu Dhune haat” as coated by that teacher, for writing”.

These are some true and a factual story which a every community having left handers have. There are probably thousands of other such stories which present the domination over the left handers since the centuries, I feel likely to call it the most neglected minority of the world. As far as I have seen ,studied and observed there are two reasons why left handers are forced on using their opposite hand.

1.     Practical oddness or social adjustment

“On an average about 90% of the population of the society are right handers. So it is sure for 10%of population to feel difficulties and clumsiness. So it is better to shift left handers to right” said my teacher who tried me to convert into right hander but unfortunately he could not. Also some left handers are themselves converted due to difficulty on handling the instrument by left hand such as scissors, knives etc which I have tried to detect in the upcoming lines………………………

2.     Religious/cultural point of view

This is generally the problem of the uneducated or semi-educated family where people regard the use of left hand as the initiation of the bad luck. They have the conception that the left hand is a devils hand which should be only used for urination and other expiratory habits along with personal hygiene………………

Due to cultural and societal pressures, many left-handed children are encouraged or forced to write and perform other activities with their right hands. This conversion can cause multiple problems in the developing left-handed child, including learning disorders, dyslexia, stuttering  and other speech disorders. Shifts from left- to right-handed are more likely to be successful than right to left, though neither have a high success rate to begin with. Successful shifters are more likely to become ambidextrous than unsuccessful ones. Conversions can be successful with consistent daily practice in a variety of manual activities.

Many Asian countries encourage or force their children to become right-handed due to cultural perceptions of bad luck associated with the left hand. In the countries like India, Nepal, Srilanka and Indonesia, it is considered rude to eat with the left hand. In a 2007 study in Taiwan, 59.3% of left hander children studying in high school had been forced to convert from left-handedness to right-handedness. The study took the account of education status of the children's families and found that children whose parents had less education were more likely to be forced to convert. Even among children whose parents had higher levels of education, the conversion rate was 45.7%. Among naturally left-handed Japanese senior high school students, only 0.7% and 1.7% of individuals used their left hand for writing and eating, respectively, though young Japanese are more likely to convert to using chopsticks right-handed than forks or spoons (29.3% to 4.6%). The proportion of females subjected to forced conversion is significantly higher compared to males (95.1% to 81.0%).Malawians cite their views that "the left hand is less skilled and less powerful than the right one" as main reasons for forcing left-handers to convert. Among students, teachers and parents, 75% said the left hand should not be used to perform habitual activities, and 87.6% of these believed left-handers should be forced to switch dominant hands. Parents and close relatives and teachers are most responsible for impressing these beliefs upon their children.

 Western countries also attempt to convert left-handed children due to cultural, societal and religious basis. Schools tend to urge children to use their right hands, sometimes against the wishes of the child's parents. In America until corporal punishment was outlawed in schools it was not uncommon for students to be physically punished for writing with their left hands.

What is the scope of general biology in Nepal?or why to study general biology?

Teaching is the first option to the biology graduates in Nepal .Most of the biology graduates are involved in teaching profession in different colleges of the valley and out of valley.If any student is interested in the research work after the completion of their limited course, bachelor or masters or P.hd there are many NGOs and ING O's researching  lot of biological plants and animals .one of  such government body can beNational Research Center of TU

Other such bodies include

•    NARC(National Agricultural Resaearch Institute)
•     Foresty Nepal
•     RIBB NEPAL

Prior to this there are lots of other opportunities to work in herbal product companies and industries .one can open their own botanical farms and gardens .

What is general biology?

Lot of students have queries about the subject biology despite the fact that they read it .i  have found lots of student going to foreign countries to study biology especially united states. Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, identification and taxonomy. Modern biology is a vast and eclectic field, composed of many branches and sub disciplines. However, despite the broad scope of biology, there are certain general and unifying concepts within it that govern all study and research, consolidating it into single, coherent field. In general, biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels the synthesis and creation of new species. It is also understood today that all the organisms survive by consuming and transforming energy and by regulating their internal environment to maintain a stable and vital condition.

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Left-Handedness & Left-Handed People

1.     Between 10-12% of people on earth are “lefties.” Women are more likely to be right-handed than men by about 4 percentage points.ⁱ

2.     August 13th is “Left-Hander’s Day.” Launched in 1996, this yearly event celebrates left-handedness and raises awareness of the difficulties and frustrations left-handers experience every day in a world designed for right-handers.^e

3.     At various times in history, left-handedness has been seen as many things: a nasty habit, a mark of the devil, a sign of neurosis, rebellion, criminality, and homosexuality. It has also been seen as a trait indicating creativity and musical abilities.^b

4.     Some scholars note that left-handers may be one of the last unorganized minorities in society because they have no collective power and no real sense of common identity. Additionally, left-handers are often discriminated against by social, educational, and religious institutions. Social customs and even language set the left-hander apart as “different” and even “bad.”^b

        The word left is from the Anglo-Saxon lyft, meaning weak or broken

5.     Many sources claim that left-handers may die as many as nine years earlier than right-handers.^b

6.     The word left in English comes from the Anglo-Saxon word lyft, which means weak or broken. The Oxford English Dictionary defines left-handed as meaning crippled, defective, awkward, clumsy, inapt, characterized by underhanded dealings, ambiguous, doubtful, questionable, ill-omened, inauspicious, and illegitimate.^b

7.     Phrases in English suggest a negative view of left-handedness. For example, a “left-handed complement” is actually an insult. A “left-handed marriage” is not a marriage but an adulterous sexual liaison, as in a “left-handed honeymoon with someone else’s husband.” A “left-handed wife” is actually a mistress.^b

8.     Research has shown a link between trauma during gestation or during birth with an increased chance of being left-handed.^b

9.     Tests conducted by St. Lawrence University in New York found that there were more left-handed people with IQs over 140 than right-handed people. Famous left-handed intellectuals include Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, and Benjamin Franklin.^b

10.            Mothers who are over 40 at the time of a child’s birth are 128% more likely to have a left-handed baby than a woman in her 20s.^b

11.            In reference to a person’s sex life, a “left-hander” is a homosexual.^c

12.            The German for “left-handed’ is linkisch, which means awkward, clumsy, and maladroit. In Italian, the word is mancino, which is derived from “crooked” or “maimed” (mancus) and is also used to mean deceitful or dishonest. In Russian, to be called a left-hander (levja) is a term of insult.^c

13.            In Latin, the word for left is sinister, related to the noun sinistrum. Ambisinistermeans “clumsy on both sides.”^b

14.            In the Talmud, the Chief of Satans or Prince of Demons is named Samael, which is associated with the Hebrew word for left side, se’mol. The angel Michael sits on God’s right-hand side, while Samael is on his left-hand side. This attribution of evil to the left and good to the right appears in various forms throughout the world.^b

15.            Among the Eskimos, every left-handed person is viewed as a potential sorcerer. In Morocco, left-handers are considered to be a s’ga, a word that means either a devil or a cursed person.^c

The term dexter means "right"

16.            Even the word “dexterity” shows a right-handed bias. The term dexter means “right” and refers to being “right-handed” on both sides.^c

17.            The Incas thought left-handers were capable of healing and that they possessed magical abilities. The North American Zuni tribe believed left-handedness signified good luck.^c

18.            Herbert Hoover is believed to be the first left-handed president, though James Garfield could write Greek with the left hand and Latin with the right.^c

19.            Research indicates that left-handers are more likely to become alcoholics, schizophrenic, delinquent, and dyslexic. They are also more likely to have Crohn’s disease, u lcerative colitis, or mental disabilities. Scholars note that despite these maladies, left-handers have survived because they are traditionally successful in combat.^b

The Devil is typically portrayed as being left-handed

20.            Many artistic representations of the devil show him to be left-handed.^b

21.            The Boston Strangler, Jack the Ripper, and Osama Bin Laden were lefties.^b

22.            In witchcraft texts in medieval Europe, it was the left hand that was used to harm or curse another person. To affect a curse, witches were instructed to silently touch the recipient with the left hand, which would convey the curse. Additionally, the devil supposedly gives the gathering a benediction with the left hand, as opposed to the right-handed blessing of the Christian church. He would also baptize or anoint with his left hand.^b

23.            Both the Jewish and Christian traditions are strongly right-handed in their nature and practices. For Catholics, Anglicans, Episcopalians, and other denominations, the priest must present the communion wafer with the right hand, and the communicant accepts it with the right hand. All benedictions must be made with the  right hand, and a priest symbolizes the “strong right hand of God.” ^b

24.            Medieval Jewish philosopher Maimonides (A.D. 1135-1204) listed 100 blemishes a Jewish priest could not have, and being left-handed was one of them.^b

25.            In Scotland there is a saying that describes an unlucky person: “He must have been baptized by a left-handed priest.”^b

26.            The right hand is mentioned positively 100 times in the Bible, while the left hand is mentioned only 25 times, all negatively.^b

27.            In many Islamic countries, people are forbidden to eat with their left hand, which is considered “unclean” because it is used for cleaning the body after defecation. Additionally, “public display” or use of the left hand is against the law in some Islamic countries, including Saudi Arabia.^c

The ratio of right-to left-pawed dogs or cats is roughly equal

28.            Although approximately 90% of all humans are right-handed,cats, rats, and mice that show handedness seem to be equally split between right- and left-pawedness.^b

29.            Human asymmetrical behavior patterns involve the foot, eye, and ear as well as the hand. In each case, humans show the same rightward bias they show toward handedness.^b

30.            Left-handedness has also been called mancinism, sinistromanuality, and cackhandedness. Other colloquialisms for left-handedness include skivvy-handed, scrummy-handed, kaggy-fisted, cawk-fisted, gibble-fisted, southpaw, cunny-and ballock-handed.^b

31.            According to tradition, an itchy left hand indicates you will lose money. An itchy right hand indicates you will receive money.^c

32.            Some scholars postulate that increased levels of testosterone in the womb increase the chances of becoming left-handed. This may explain the correlation that seems to exist between left-handedness and some immune disorders, as testosterone has been linked to immune disorders.^b

33.            Studies have suggested that left-handers are more talented in spatial awareness, math, and architecture. Right-handers tend to be more talented verbally.^b

34.            The gene LRRTM1 is a strong contributing factor for left-handedness. Scientists discovered the gene during a study of dyslexic children and believe it is inherited from the father.^f

35.            Left-handedness runs in families. Lefties in the British royal family include the Queen Mother, Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Charles, and Prince William.^b

36.            Studies show that those who have autism are more likely to be left-handed.^a

37.            Many people who are left-handed draw figures that face to the right.ⁱ

38.            Left-handers are more likely to be dyslexic and to stutter.^d

39.            One in four Apollo astronauts were left-handers.^b

40.            Connections between the right and left sides of the brain are faster in left-handed people. This means information is transferred faster, making left-handers more efficient in dealing with multiple stimuli and using both sides of the brain more easily.^d

41.            The left side, which is historically seen as weaker and “bad,” is also traditionally considered to be the female side. However, current scientific data suggests that men are more likely to be left-handed than women.^b

42.            Ultrasounds show that in the womb, 90% of babies appear to favor the right thumb, which corresponds to population breakdowns of right-handers and left-handers.^b

43.            Researchers postulate that the proportion of left-handers has remained constant for over 30,000 years.^b

44.            Studies suggest premature babies are more likely to be left-handed. Additionally, infants with low Apgar scores at birth are more likely to be left-handed than children who have higher Apgar scores.^b

45.            Juniata College in Huntington, Pennsylvania awards up to $1,500 in academic scholarships to students who have top academic records and who are left-handed.^h

46.            Researchers note that on average, left-handers reach sexual maturity later than right-handers.^b

47.            There are two divergent theories regarding wearing the wedding ring on the left hand. One theory is that it started with the ancient Egyptians, who believed that despite the left hand’s supposed flaws, placing the ring on this hand brought it nearer to the heart. Another theory attributes the origin to the Greeks and Romans, who wore the rings to ward off evil associated with the left hand.^c

48.            About 30 million people in the United States are left-handed.ⁱ

Babies can show early signs of handedness

49.            When placed on their tummies, right-handed babies tend to turn their heads to the right. Left-handed babies usually turn their heads to the left or they don’t show any preference.^b

50.            Less than 1% of the world’s population can be considered truly ambidextrous.^b

51.            Research suggests that left-handers are slightly more prone to allergies and asthma than right-handers are.^b

52.            Studies have shown that if a left-hander injures his dominant hand, he has an easier time learning to use the other hand than his right-handed counterparts.^c

53.            In a recent experiment, left-handers who watched an eight-minute clip from the filmSilence of the Lambs showed more fear than right-handers. Scientists believe that this may be because the right side of the brain is dominant in lefties and is more involved in fear responses.^d

54.            According to the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, the brains of left-handers process emotions differently than those of right-handers and are more susceptible to negative emotions, such as anger.^b

55.            Some scientists have suggested that left-handers were originally in the womb with a twin that did not survive, or a “Vanishing Twin.”^b

The longest words that can be typed using only the left hand with conventional hand placement are sweaterdresses and tesseradecades.^g 

left handers at politics

In the past hundred years, the U.S. presidency has veered more and more to the left — not in policy, but in handedness. Barack Obama is the latest to join a long list of left-handed presidents from the 20th century: James Garfield, Herbert Hoover, Henry Truman, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton were all southpaws.

What makes lefties so electable? Some experts think left-handed people have a greater aptitude for language skills, which may help them craft the rhetoric necessary for political office. And as for the bout of recent left-handed presidents, some think it's because teachers only recently stopped working to convert lefties to righties at an early age.

Some of your favorite left handers sportsman’s of this era include

Some of your favorite left handers sportsman’s of this era include

Ayrton Senna (Formula 1 legend)

Sébastien Loeb (French Rally's champion)

Rio Ferdinand (Manchester United)

David Ortiz (Baseball, Boston Red Sox)

Tim Tebow (Football, New York Jets Quarterback)

Arjen Robben ( Football, Bayern Munchen)

Larry Bird (former NBA player)

Manu Ginobili (NBA, San Antonio Spurs)

Petr Cech (Goalkeeper, Chelsea Football)

Sada Jacobson

laura Robson

Sachin Tendulkar (Legendary Cricketer)

FranckRibery John Cena